TOWARDS NET ZERO: REFORMING MALAYSIA’S ENERGY FRAMEWORK IN THE WAKE OF GLOBAL CLIMATE IMPERATIVES

Abstract

This article examines Malaysia’s energy transition in the context of global climate imperatives and its legal and policy framework. It traces Malaysia’s commitments under the Paris Agreement and national energy policies, reviews the potential role of renewables such as solar, biomass, and hydropower, and evaluates barriers including fossil fuel subsidies, financing gaps, and governance weaknesses. Comparative insights from countries like Germany, Sweden, Finland, and Vietnam highlight how consistent policies, carbon pricing, and targeted incentives have enabled faster adoption of renewable energy elsewhere. The analysis argues that Malaysia’s transition requires not only stronger governance and financial innovation but also inclusive approaches to rural electrification and social equity. Ultimately, phasing out fossil fuels, strengthening renewable energy laws, and ensuring community participation are essential if Malaysia is to achieve its net-zero 2050 target and build a resilient, low-carbon future.