AINUR MARDHIAH MAZLAN; IBRAHIM, M. K. Nilai Kepimpinan Islam dalam Kerajaan Uthmaniyah: Analisis terhadap Empat Pemimpin Utama Pada Era Awal: The Values of Islamic Leadership in the Ottoman Empire: An Analysis of the Four Early Leaders. Journal Al-Muqaddimah, [S. l.], v. 13, n. 2, p. 36–58, 2025. Disponível em: https://jml.um.edu.my/index.php/MUQADDIMAH/article/view/66618. Acesso em: 27 feb. 2026.