Journal Al-Muqaddimah

Pendekatan Sejarah Terhadap Pentafsiran Al-Quran: Memahami Wahyu Dalam Konteks Peradaban Kontemporari

Ainul Asyraf Lokman — 2025-12-31

This article discusses in depth the historical approach as a critical methodology in contemporary Quranic interpretation. It traces the modern exegetical crisis arising from the pressures of colonialism, modernization, and global civilizational values, and further explains how the historical approach emerged as an epistemological response to make interpretation more dynamic, relevant, and grounded in socio-historical realities. The study emphasizes the shift from the dominance of Bayani epistemology to the integration of Burhani epistemology through the analysis of macro-historical contexts, Jahiliyyah culture, changes in social structures, and geopolitical relations in early Islam. The discussion also engages with key hermeneutical models, such as Fazlur Rahman’s Dual Movement, Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd’s historical dimension of the text, and Muhammad Shahrour’s Shari’ah Hududiyya, which offer methodological frameworks to distinguish between universal ethical principles and contextual laws. Through applications to issues such as gender, usury (riba), and public law reform in modern nation-states, the article demonstrates how the historical approach can restore the Quran’s function in social transformation. Although this approach faces theological polemics—particularly concerning the nature of Kalamullah, the theory of Naskh, and the origins of Western hermeneutics—the study argues that the historical approach can be critically integrated into the Islamic exegetical tradition without undermining the authority of revelation. The article further proposes a Bayani–Burhani methodological synthesis as a foundation for constructing a modern exegesis curriculum that is more responsive to the needs of contemporary society, in line with the objectives of Shariah (maqasid) and universal principles of justice.

Rekonstruksi Tamadun dan Wacana Falsafah Dalam Siri Anime Dr. Stone: Suatu Analisis Epistemologi, Etika, Politik dan Kemanusiaan Dari Perspektif Falsafah Moden dan Pemikiran Islam

Muhammad Hazim Mohd Azhar — 2025-12-31

Analysis of various contemporary discourses can be done through the lens of Islamic thought as an effort to apply the Islamic thought framework in understanding a matter. As an intellectual exercise towards strengthening this discourse, analysis of animation series can be utilized through the Islamic thought approach because anime series from Japan are not just light texts, but contain philosophies that can be pursued. This article examines the Dr. Stone anime series through a philosophical framework that combines modern Western thought and the foundations of Islamic thought with a focus on four dimensions: philosophy of science, philosophy of humanity and the development of civilization, philosophy of moral values and political philosophy. This study uses a qualitative design through thematic content analysis and critical discourse analysis of the Dr. Stone anime series. First, epistemological analysis shows how the character Senku emphasizes truth through scientific experiments and rational prosperity, in line with the Islamic tradition that values knowledge (‘ilm) through reason (‘aql), inductive experiments (tajrībah) and the concept of certainty (yaqīn) in Islamic epistemology. Second, the construction of a new civilization in Dr. Stone reflects the human-nature-technology relationship and can be linked to the maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah thought in Islam which emphasizes maṣlaḥah (goodness) and mizan (balance). Third, the conflict of values between the characters shows the conflict between scientific deontology (moral obligation to explore knowledge) and utilitarianism (maximizing benefits); the Islamic approach emphasizes the obligation to seek knowledge and maqāṣid principles such as the preservation of life, mind and property. Fourth, in the political dimension, the struggle for power based on scientific and physical ideologies involving the characters Senku and Tsukasa is depicted and socio-political negotiations only exist when there is a balance of power and interdependence, in line with the concept of shūrā in Islamic thought. By combining anime narratives with the Islamic thought framework, this article contributes to the discourse of restoring civilization through the integration of knowledge, ethics and power structures, and provides a view of the synergy between modern philosophy and Islamic values in the context of civilization development, indirectly providing a guiding example for the method of analyzing animated series according to the Islamic thought framework.

Nilai Kepimpinan Islam dalam Kerajaan Uthmaniyah: Analisis terhadap Empat Pemimpin Utama Pada Era Awal

Ainur Mardhiah Mazlan — 2025-12-31

At a time when the Muslim world is facing a leadership crisis, the early history of the Ottoman Empire offers an opportunity for reflection on how Islamic leadership values were able to shape a great civilization that successfully ruled over three continents for more than six centuries. Although the early history of the Ottoman Empire has been widely discussed, most studies have focused primarily on political, military, and territorial aspects, while the dimension of Islamic leadership values, which in fact served as the foundation of the empire’s strength and longevity, has received relatively little holistic attention. Therefore, this article aims to analyze the Islamic leadership values practiced by the early Ottoman leaders and to assess their relevance to contemporary Muslim leadership. This qualitative study is based on a comparative analysis of four prominent leaders of the early Ottoman period, namely Osman I, Sultan Mehmed II, Sultan Selim I, and Sultan Suleiman I. The findings reveal that leadership values were a decisive factor in the success of Ottoman Empire during its early period. These values not only strengthened the empire’s military power and political authority but also fostered a people-friendly administration respected by other contemporary states. This study contributes to contemporary discourse on the leadership crisis in the Muslim world by offering the Ottoman leadership model as a relevant example and reference for reviving the spirit and values of capable leadership among the younger Muslim generation.

The Quranic Cosmological Argument in Islamic Intellectual History: Fakhr Al-Din Al-Razi on the Creation of Heavens In Verse 1 of Surah Al-An'am

Mohd Saiful Aqil Naim Saful Amin — 2025-12-31

This study examines the Quranic cosmological argument as articulated by the classical Ash‘arite theologian and exegete, Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 606 AH), in his commentary on the first verse of Sūrah al-An‘ām. In an intellectual climate dominated by secular and materialistic worldviews, which posit a purposeless, self-contained universe, this research posits that al-Rāzī’s exegesis offers a sophisticated philosophical rebuttal. The paper delineates how al-Rāzī extrapolates a comprehensive metaphysical architecture from the verse, employing linguistic analysis, geometric analogy, and a rigorous tenfold argument from contingency (dalīl al-imkān) to demonstrate that every aspect of the cosmos, from its macroscopic structure to its fundamental motions, is contingent and thus necessitates a transcendent, voluntary Creator (al-Fā‘il al-Mukhtār). The core of al-Rāzī’s method is shown to be grounded in the Ash‘arite doctrine of occasionalism, which posits God as the sole and direct cause of all events. The study concludes by arguing that this classical framework is not a historical artifact but a vital intellectual tool for deconstructing the metaphysical assumptions of modern atheism, particularly Darwinian and New Atheist claims, and for providing a coherent, theocentric paradigm that reconciles divine sovereignty with a rational understanding of the natural world.

Religious Coexistence in Ottoman Palestine: A Socio-Historical Study

Beyza Aybey — 2026-01-01

This study analyzes religious coexistence in Bayt al-Maqdis during the Ottoman rule, focusing on the millet system that regulated religious and social life. The millet system granted autonomy to religious communities but faced challenges such as sectarian tensions among Christian communities and foreign intervention, particularly from Russia and France. These tensions, along with the influence of the Zionist movement on the Jewish community, revealed the system's weaknesses in managing sectarian differences and external influences. The study also examines how Tanzimat reforms transformed the administrative structure and how the millet system adapted to these changes, particularly through the establishment of municipal councils. Overall, the Ottoman millet system provided a space for religious coexistence but was vulnerable to tensions and social changes that challenged political and social stability.

The Impact of Transformational Leadership on the Development of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in Educational Institutions in Oman

Amani Abdulghani Ramadhan Bait Mustahail — 2025-12-31

The aim of this research was to study the impact of transformational leadership on organizational citizenship behaviour. To achieve this, the researcher followed the descriptive-analytical approach on a sample appropriate to the research community, consisting of (200) male and female principals. This sample was selected using a deliberate random sampling method. The research tool was a special questionnaire after verifying its psychometric properties. The demographic variables were gender, academic qualifications, and years of experience. The independent variable was transformational leadership, while the dependent variable was organizational citizenship behavior. The study reached a set of results, including the impact of leadership styles and the impact of transformational leadership on organizational citizenship behaviors among second-cycle teachers in the Sultanate of Oman. The study also found that the degree of transformational Leadership practice was very high across all its dimensions (ideal influence, mental stimulation, individual consideration, and inspirational motivation). It was also found that there is an impact of transformational leadership on organizational citizenship behaviors among second-cycle teachers in the Sultanate of Oman, and that there are no statistically significant differences at the level (α=0.05) between transformational leadership and the level of The prevailing organizational citizenship behaviors among teachers in second-cycle schools in the Sultanate of Oman are attributed to the gender variable. It also showed that there are statistically significant differences at the level (α=0.05) between transformational leadership and the level of organizational citizenship behaviors among teachers in schools in the Sultanate of Oman, attributed to the variables of academic degree (bachelor’s) and higher years of experience.

The Early Arab Historians’ Approaches to the Biography of Khalid Ibn Al-Walid: A Comparative Critical Study

Fatima Ali Hamad Mohamed Aljneibi — 2025-12-31

This article examines the methodologies employed by prominent early Arab historians in studying the biography of the Companion Khalid ibn al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with him), focusing on methodological differences and their impact on shaping his historical image. Ibn Ishaq adopted a narrative approach, collecting multiple reports and presenting them in a sequential storytelling format, which imparted an epic dimension to his biography. Al-Waqidi provided extensive accounts of Khalid’s military campaigns, relying on weak chains of transmission that later drew methodological criticism. Ibn Sa’d combined the approaches of hadith scholars and maghazi (military campaign) historians, offering a well-documented and balanced account without resolving contradictions among differing reports. Al-Tabari employed a historical methodology that collected multiple chains of narration and presented them impartially, making his work a significant reference for understanding Khalid’s military and political role. Al-Baladhuri focused on the administrative aspects of Khalid’s conquests, portraying him as a political leader balancing sword and diplomacy, while Ibn Abd al-Barr included Khalid’s biography within his encyclopedic compendium of the Companions, adhering to comprehensiveness and moderation. This methodological diversity resulted in multiple historical portrayals of Khalid, underscoring the necessity of a comparative critical approach that balances reliable narration with objective analysis, free from legendary embellishment or sectarian bias, thereby presenting a comprehensive, multi-dimensional image in Islamic historiography.

Fujairah's Castles and Forts as Cornerstones of Urban and Demographic Development: A Study in the History of Fujairah's Forts and Their Impact on the Geographical Environment

Amnah Ahmed Saber Mohamed Aldhanhani — 2026-01-01

This research represents an exploratory attempt employing a historical methodology. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the pivotal role played by castles and forts in the Emirate of Fujairah, where they served as fundamental factors in shaping settlement patterns and influenced the region's urban and demographic development. Moving beyond their original purpose as defensive installations, the study argues that these forts functioned as integrated environmental catalysts that fostered the sedentarization of nomadic communities. They played a primary role in securing vital resources that incentivized human settlement—such as water and agricultural land—and in protecting strategic trade routes. Through investigative case studies of major forts like Fujairah Fort and Al Bithnah Fort, the research explores the symbiotic relationship between a fort and its surrounding settlement. It also addresses the functional transformation of these castles in the modern era, from symbols of tribal authority to icons of national identity and economic resources through cultural tourism. The research concludes that Fujairah's forts were not merely silent witnesses to history but were active drivers in shaping the demographic and economic map of the eastern coast of the United Arab Emirates.